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Dr. Gilman – Module 2-2: Phases of Growth

By 3 Comments

 

Continue learning: Dr. Gilman Teaching Series

Topics covered in this video:

Phases of Growth:

  • Normal growth cycle
  • Biomass over time
  • Phase 1 – Growth
    – mostly dynamic mass (sapwood) i.e. living and capable of reacting
  • Phase 2 – Maintenance
    – mostly dynamic plus static (non-living) mass incapable of reaction i.e. some heartwood
  • Phase 3 – Maturity
    – mostly static mass (heartwood) plus some dynamic mass
  • Phase 4 – Death
    – very thin band of sapwood, almost all heartwood

 

This video is made available with permission from Dr. Ed Gilman. Illustrations, PowerPoints or photos by Edward F. Gilman, Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, IFAS, University of Florida.

 

Climb High, Work Smart, Read More.
– TreeMuggs

I would love to hear from you. Please send all comments/questions/hatemail to patrick@educatedclimber.com

 

 

Dr. Gilman – Module 2-1: Tree Anatomy and Biology

By 5 Comments

 

Continue Watching: Dr. Gilman – Module 2-2: Phases of growth

 

Topics covered in this video:

Tissues, Movement & Storage:

  • Model of tree growth
  • Bark
    – Outer bark – periderm
    – Inner bark – phloem
  • Cambium
    – secondary meristem producing radial growth
    – forms the xylem & phloem
  • Xylem (wood)
    – growth ring
    – vessel elements
    – fibers
    – axial parenchyma
    – rays
  • Wood zones
  • Sapwood
    – live and dead cells
    – conducting and non-conducting
  • Protection wood
    – mostly dead cells
    – heartwood: age-altered
    – false heartwood, discolored wood, wetwood: event-altered e.g. root death, branch removal/death, lenticels
  • Symplast – “the offense”
    – living portion of the tree
    – storage of starches, oils, proteins
  • Apoplast – “the defense”
    – non-living portion of the tree
  • Tyloses
    – close off vascular tissue to prevent further damage from drought or infection
    – forms the heartwood
  • Bud trace
  • Model of water and energy flow

Branch Union Attributes:

  • Collar
  • Vessel
  • Pith
  • Pith protection zone
  • Branch protection zone – only forms with low aspect-ratio
    – fewer & narrower vessels
    – vessels are turned
    – more parenchyma
    – starch-rich zone
    – ratio of conducting to non-conducting cells is lower than normal wood
  • Natural branch death

 

This video is made available with permission from Dr. Ed Gilman. Illustrations, PowerPoints or photos by Edward F. Gilman, Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, IFAS, University of Florida.

 

Climb High, Work Smart, Read More.
– TreeMuggs

I would love to hear from you. Please send all comments/questions/hatemail to patrick@educatedclimber.com

 

Dr. Gilman – Module 1-4: Branch attachment

By 5 Comments

 

Continue learning: Dr. Gilman Teaching Series

 

Topics covered in this video:

  •  Aspect ratio and inclusions
  • How branches grow
  • Weak vs. Strong unions
  • Pith
  • Anatomical centre vs. geometric centre
  • Tree failure along rays to pith
  • Inclusion
  • “U-Shaped” attachment
  • Swollen rib of bark indicates crack
  • Compression fork
  • Signs of inclusion:
    – valley with ridge on either side
    – large swelling at union
  • Trees that fail will often fail again
  • Not all inclusions are weak – it depends on the aspect ratio
  • Tension bark
  • Compression bark

 

This video is made available with permission from Dr. Ed Gilman. Illustrations, PowerPoints or photos by Edward F. Gilman, Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, IFAS, University of Florida.

 

Climb High, Work Smart, Read More.
– TreeMuggs

I would love to hear from you. Please send all comments/questions/hatemail to patrick@educatedclimber.com

 

 

Dr. Gilman – Module 1-3: Wood

By 4 Comments

 

Continue Watching: Module 1-4: Branch Attachment

 

Topics covered in this video:

  • Wood Cells – ray, parenchyma
  • Matrix of live and dead cells
  • Wood structure – trunk vs. branches
  • Lignin/Cellulose ratio
  • “Normal” wood
  • “Reaction” wood
  • “Opposite” wood
  • Tension wood – lots of cellulose
  • Compression wood – lots of lignin
  • Interpreting lean using bark
  • Branch orientation
  • Strong vs. Weak orientation

 

This video is made available with permission from Dr. Ed Gilman. Illustrations, PowerPoints or photos by Edward F. Gilman, Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, IFAS, University of Florida.

 

Climb High, Work Smart, Read More.
– TreeMuggs

I would love to hear from you. Please send all comments/questions/hatemail to patrick@educatedclimber.com

 

 

Dr. Gilman – Module 1-2: Mechanical Stress

By 6 Comments

 

Continue Watching: Module 1-3: Wood

 

Topics covered in this video:

  • Stress pathway
  • Points of Failure
    – Large aspect ratio branch unions
    – Old pruning cuts
    – Bark inclusion
    – Root failure/decay
    – Soil failure/defects
  • Taper
  • Good taper vs. poor taper
  • Effect of taper on wind energy:
    – distributed stress
    – focused stress
  • Damping
  • Wind tube
  • Rays – cracks and dips
  • Wound wood

 

This video is made available with permission from Dr. Ed Gilman. Illustrations, PowerPoints or photos by Edward F. Gilman, Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, IFAS, University of Florida.

 

Extra Credit:

Wind Machine: University of Florida

Tree Blowing in the Wind – Not Pruned

Thinned Tree Blowing in the Wind

 

 

Climb High, Work Smart, Read More.
– TreeMuggs

I would love to hear from you. Please send all comments/questions/hatemail  to patrick@educatedclimber.com